‹
ع
En
›
2 - F3.G 'I /1 C*'(.'FG "5AJG /1 -J/1"('/ GF/ E$1Q. (G 3'D 1 1 8 8 G CG (11A*G '2 F3.G F.3*JF '3*.
3 - F3.G 'I /1 C*'(.'FG F'51JG E*9DQB (G "D 5'-( 9(B'* /1 DCGFH GF/.
4 - F3.G 'I /1 C*'(.'FG F/H) 'D9DE'! /1 DCGFH GF/.
2'14 7('7('JI 1-EG 'DDQG (G '3*F'/ /3* FH4*G G' H2'14G'I 3A1 9D'EG 'EJFI 1-EG 'DDQG
C*'( 'DE1'*( 'D(3*J 5: 1 5
(G GF/ '3* CG /HQEJF F3.G 1' /J/G HEB/QEG H(1.I '2 E7'D( "F 1' (1'I '3*A'/G /1 *#DJA'* .H/ ('2FHJ3I C1/G '3*.
HJJG'I C*'( ( 'DE1'*() : (G F81 EI 13/ 1HJ' 1H&JG' HEF'29'* HC4EC4G'I E0G(I H9BJ/*I HA1BG 'I EJ'F 4J9J'F (7H1 9EHE ( '9E '2 *J1G G'I 'E'EI- 2J/I- '3E'9JDI) H3FJQ'F (HJG -F(DJQ'F /1 B1F 3HE HG'1E FB4 EGEQI /1 */HJF 'JF HFG 13'DG HC*'(G' /'4*G '3* :'D( E-/Q+JF 3FI E1'*( A6JD* .DA'I ('57D'- 1'4/JF 1' (G *1*J( .D'A* "FG' B1'1 /'/G 'F/ /1 EB'(D 4J9J'F H4'.G (:/'/I E9*2DJ'F ( 4'.G (51I '9*2'D 9+E'FI 'DGHI (H/G 'F/) B'&D (G (1*1I A6'&D 'EJ1 'DE$EFJF 9DJG 'D3QD'E (1 *E'EI 5-'(G (H/G 'F/ (' 'JF *A'H* CG E9*2DG #A6DJ* 9DI 9DJG 'D3QD'E 1' E'F9I '2 *#.J1 'H /1 .D'A* HE41H9JQ* *B/QE EA6HD (1 'H F/'F3*G 'F/ CG A*G E4GH1 '(F '(I 'D-/J/ E/'&FI: 'D-E/ DDQG 'D0I B/QE 'DEA6HD 9DI 'DA'6D 'F9C'3 'JF 1#I HF81 '3*.
#EQ' 4J9J'F 'E'EI 9DIQ 9DJG 'D3QD'E 1' #A6D (41 (9/ '2 ~J'E(1 5DQI 'DDQG 9DJG H"DG EI /'F3*G H(G /DJD F5Q H3(B /1 '3D'E H'A6DJ* .DJAG (D' A5D 13HD 'DDQG 5DQI 'DDQG 9DJG H"DG H.D'A* E*B/QEJF (1 'H 1' F'E41H9 H:'5('FG EI /'FF/ 'EQ' 2J/J'F CG /1 '5HD E0G( E9*2DI EI ('4F/ (7H1 9EHE *'(9 1#I E9*2DG (:/'/ (H/G H'9*B'/ (G #A6DJ* 9DIQ 9DJG 'D3QD'E (1 5-'(G H.DA' H/1 9JF -'D E41H9J* .D'A* .DA'I 3'(B (1 -61* 1' /'4*G 'F/. /1 'JF EJ'F F'5(J'F J' FH'5( CG (7H1 9EHE #GD -/J+ H-F(DI E0G( J' (G '57D'- 'E1H2 3DAI (H/G 'F/ H(F'(1 "EH.*G G'I .H/ '2 -/J+ H(1 7(B 3J1G 3DA 5'D- .H/4'F 9EHE 5-'(G 1' EF2QG HE(1I '2 .7' EI /'F3*F/ GF'E (1.H1/ (' 4J9J'F J' E9*2DG CG 1H4 5-'(G 5/1 'HQD 1' EH1/ FB/ H(113I B1'1 EI /'/G H(1 7(B 4H'G/ *'1J.I HB1'&F B79I -CE (G CA1 J' A3B J' 'F-1'A "F'F EI /'/F/ /1 /A'9 '2
C*'( 'DE1'*( 'D(3*J 5: 1 6
E9*B/'* .H/ 'B/'E (G 9C3 'D9EDG'&I EI FEH/F/ CG /BJB' FB7G EB'(D E9*B/'* "FG' (H/ (/JF HFG CG /1 1'G /A'9 '2 .DA'! H5-'(G F.3* (G 'FC'1 A6'&D 9DI 9DJG 'D3QD'E EI ~1/'.*F/ H/1 E1-DG (9/ (1'I *'CJ/ (1 'FC'1 (G *FBJ5 H/1 FG'J* /4EFI .H/ 1' (' 3( HD9F "4C'1 EI C1/F/ 'JF *B'(D "1' H*6'/ "FG' ('D61H1G GEJ4G E-5H1 /1 G'1 /JH'1I E/'13 HE,'D3 E,'/DG HEF'81G EJ'F 9DE'! ('BI FEI E'F/ (DCG /1 (3J'1I '2 'HB'* H(3*I (G 41'J7 BHQ* H69A G1JC '2 71AJF HH69J* -CHE* H9H'ED E*9/Q/ /J1I *4/J/ EI 1/J/ H(G EF'29'* H,FG'I A1BG 'I 3*1/G 'I EJ'F /H J' F/ E-DG EF,1 EI 4/ H'GI *E'EI 4G1 1' A1'1A*G H1HGG'I /J1 1' FJ2 (G E91CG H'1/ EI C1/ FEHFG E4GH1 'JF -H'/+ 1' /1 4G1G'I (:/'/ H1I EI *H'F /1 *'1J. .H'F/ CG E-DG G' H(DCG (.4 '98E 4G1 1' /1 C'E .H/ A1H (1/. 'JF *B'(D H*6'/ *H/G E1/E .4EJF HE9*B/ (G JCI '2 /H 9BJ/G 1' (G *B'(D H,F H2/ H.H1/ H' EI /'4* DJCF GEH'1G 'F9C'3 E9BHD HEF'3( "F 1' /1 *#DJA'* FHJ3F/'F G1JC '2 /H 71A "F /H1G EI *H'F J'A* H/1 -BJB* C*'(G'I '9*B'/JG HJ' 1/J)FHJ3I HJ' A6'&D FHJ3I G1 /H1G 'I 'F9C'3 ED'JE HE9BHD '2 HB'J9 H-H'/+ GE'F /H1'F (4E'1 EI 1H/. HC*'( 'DE1'*( #(H 'DB'3E (3*I /1 -BJB* 'F9C'3 JCI '2 'JF -H'/+ (H/ CG .H/ 'H /1J1 "F 4/G '3* (F' (G 1H'J* F'3. F3.G '5D CG /1 ":'2 F3.G FJE 5A-G 'I (G *1,EG (3*I ~1/'.*G EI HJ/: #(H 'DB'3E (3*I: C'F JF51 'D4J9) 9DI 'DFH'5( HJH1/ 'D-,, 'D('G1) HGEJF F51* HJ'1I '2 4J9J'F 1' /1 ,1J'F 3A1 .H/ '2 1I (G 7(13*'F /1 /H1'F -CHE* EFHG1 2J'1I (1 7(13*'F (' (12'1I E,'D3 0C1 A6'&D 'GD 'D(J* 9DJG 'D3QD'E /1 4G1 "ED F4'F /'/ H'JF E,'D3 (G HFG 'I (1'I F'5(J'F 2F/G (H/ CG H'DI 4G1 1' H'/'1 (G *(9J/ (3*I FEH/F/ "F'G (1 '+1 "F EJ'F 4J9J'F HFH'5( /1J1I 98JEI
C*'( 'DE1'*( 'D(3*J 5: 1 7
1HI /'/.
/1('1G *'1J. F'14 H*/HJF C*'( 'DE1'*( 0C1I /1 EF'(9 J' /1 F3.G G'I .7I FJ'E/G '3* *FG' /1 A5D GA*E C*'( 'DE1'*( (3*I GF'E (-+ /1('1G F'EG' H'DB'( -61* 9DI 9DJG 'D3QD'E (G JC (J* 491 '2 5'-( (F 9(Q'/ *E+QD EI ,HJ/ H'2 'H (' 9FH'F ( B'D 'D5Q'-( E*Q9 'DDQG (5'D- '9E'DG) J'/ EI CF/ CG '-*E'D' F4'F /GF/G 2F/G (H/F 'H3* H(F' (G FBD E4GH1 EH1Q.JF /104* 5'-( (F 9(Q'/ /1 3'D 3 8 5 G (H/G '3* GE FJF /1 GEJF ~J4A*'1 (G 3A1 (3*I (G 7(13*'F '4'1G /'1/ CG /1 2E'F 'E'E* 'DE$J/ ('DDQG 2J/I (H/G CG /1 3'DG'I FJEG /HQE B1F G'1/GE G,1I EI ('4/ H/1 A5D ~'J'F C*'( (G 'E'E* #(H 7'D( J-J (F 'D-3JF (1'/1 'DE$J/ ('DDQG CG ~3 '2 'H (G 'E'E* 13J/G FJ2 '4'1G /'1/.
'(H 'DB'3E (3*I /1 ":'2 C*'( 3(( *'DJA C*'( 1' 'JF HFG "H1/G '3*:
( B/ ,1I 0C1 A6'&D #EJ1 'DE$EFJF 9DIQ 9DJG 'D3QD'E A0C1* #FQG D' *0C1 DDE4'J. A6JD) %DQ' HGI AJG #H GH AJG' #B/E EF :J1G HDG A6'&D *A1Q/ (G' *2J/ 9DI E'&) A*9,Q( EF 0DC BHE D' 9DE DGE (E-DQG A0C1* AJG A2'/ E' 9F/I EE' 1HI 9DI E'&*JF ADEQ' 0C1* G0' DGE BHJ* /H'9JGE AJ E3#D*I 'ED'! 0DC DJCHF 9HF' DGE 9F/ EF'81) 'D.5HE . . . H(1:E 'JF CG /1 'JF A*'1 E5FQA *51J- (G /HJ3* A6JD* /'1/ DJCF /1 ~'J'F C*'( E,EH9 A6'&D -61* 9DIQ 9DJG 'D3QD'E 1' (G 4 5 0 A6JD* EI 13'F/. 'H /1 '/'EG GE'F ~J4A*'1 1H4 .H/ 1' /1 FBD A6'&D 'JF HFG (J'F EI CF/: H 'D417 #F F0C1 E' 1HJ AJG EF 71JB 'D"-'/ H'D*H'*1 /HF 'D#B*5'1 9DI #-/GE' HFB(D EF 'D.5E #J6' E' J1HJ EEQ' *A1Q/ (G :J1G HDJ3 D9DIQ E+DG H%F C'F EF 71JB 'D"-'/)
#(H 'DB'3E (3*I CG /'1'I '7D'9'* H3J9I /1 -1AG B6'H* H*H'F'JI *'EQI '2
C*'( 'DE1'*( 'D(3*J 5: 1 8
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~1/'2 'H /1 'JF 1H4 (3J'1I EHAQB (H/G H.H'FF/G 1' (*/1J, H"G3*G "G3*G *' ~'J'F C*'( (GE1'G .H/ EI "H1/. C*'( /'1'I F2/JC (G 3 0 A5D '3* CG /1 (1.I '2 A5HD 19'J* *1*J( /1 4E'1G 0'1I F4/G '3*.
F3.G C*'(: '2 C*'( 'DE1'*( G'1 F3.G .7I *'CFHF 4F'.*G 4/G '3* CG 3G F3.G "F /1 C*'(.'FG G'I GF/ '3* HG'1EJF "F /1 C*'(.'FG /'F4'G JJD ) y a l e ( "E1JC' H(G '-*E'D BHI *E'EI "F 3G F3.G GF/ (11A*G '2 F3.G G'1E EI ('4/ /1 'JF *-BJB *FG' F3.G /'F4'G JJD EH1/ '3*A'/G B1'1 1A*G 'JF F3.G (G .7 -F8DG (F 'D-3F (F 49('F EI ('4/ H/1 E-1E 3'D 6 1 8 G /1 ( 'DB'G1) 'DEF5H1J) (8A'1) /1 JEF '2 F3.G CGF*1I CG "F F3.G (11A*G '2 F3.G ( 'DB'6J 'D9D'E) 4E3 'D/JF '-E/ (F 39/ 'D/JF (F 'D-3JF 'DE3H1I) HF3.G 'H FJ2 (11A*G '2 F3.G ( 'DABJG 'D9D'EG (G'! 'D/JF 9DIQ (F #-E/ 'D#CH9) EI ('4/ FH4*G 4/G '3* 'JF F3.G '124EF/ /1 E,EH9G L a n d b e r g C*'(.'FG /'F4'G JJD (G 4E'1G 7 2 5 '2 5A-G 1 9 2 *' 2 1 7 B1'1 /'1/ 'JF 13'DG /1 2 6 (1 H(G .7 F3. EI ('4/. /1 5A-G F.3* 13'DG H2J1 9FH'F 13'DG *H6J-I '2 F'3. H(G GE'F .7 C'*( F3.G /1 E91AI FHJ3F/G "E/G CG '124 1,'DI H*'1J.I /'1/:
C*'( 'DE1'*( 'D(3*J 5: 1 9
C*'( 'DE1'*( AJ A6'&D #EJ1 'DE$EFJF H3J/ 'DH5JQJF 9DI (F #(I 7'D( 5DH'* 'DDQG 9DJG: *#DJA 'D4J. 'D9D'EG #(I 'DB'3E 'D(3*I H'3EG '3E'9JD (F #-E/ EF #5-'( B'6I 'DB6') 9(/ 'D,('1 (F #-E/ (F 9(/ 'D,(Q'1 'DGE/'FIQ.
H B/ 8FQ (96 9DE'&F'- #/'E 'DDQG 92QGE- #FQ #(' 'DB'3E 'D(3*I G0' GH #(H 'DB'3E 'DE91HA ('(F *'D EG0Q( ABG 'D%E'E 'DE$JQ/ ('DDQG- 9DJG 'D3QD'E- H,'E9 'D%A'/G H'D2J'/'* DE0G(G- 9DJG 'D3QD'E- HGH HGE 8'G1 EF H,HG:
EFG': #FQ 'D(3*I '3EG '3E'9JD (F #-E/ H'(F *'D '3EG 'D-3JF (F 'D-3F #H '(F #(I 'D-3F 9DI '.*D'A 'D1H'J*JF.
H EFG': #FQ '(F *'D GH 3EIQ EF GH3E (D/) EF H1'! 7(13*'F H'D(3*I EF (3* (D/ (3,3*'F.
H EFG': #FQ '(F *'D #-/ #5-'( 'DE$J/ ('DDQG- 9DJG 'D3QD'E- 'D0JF D'2EHG H/'HEH' 5-(*G H'D(3*I DJ3 C0DC HDCFQG C'F AI 2E'FG HC'F JF51 'D4J9) 9DI 'DFH'5( HJH1/ 'D-,, 'D('G1) HB/E '(H 'DB'3E 'D(3*I "ED 7(13*'F EF 'D1QI HGI AJ J/ EFHG1 1 'D0I C'F J-'1( 'DE$J/ ('DDQG 9DJG 'D3QD'E 2 H'DE$JQ/ ('DDQG 9DJG 'D3QD'E